The Nimrod Fortress was built against the Crusaders, served the Ayyubids and Mamluks, and was captured only once, in 1260, by the Mongols. The Golan Heights is a territory in Israel’s northeast corner, on the Syrian border. [128] The largest locality in the region is the Druze village of Majdal Shams, which is at the foot of Mount Hermon, while Katzrin is the largest Israeli settlement. Syria continued to demand a full Israeli withdrawal to the 1967 borders, including a strip of land on the east shore of the Sea of Galilee that Syria captured during the 1948–49 Arab–Israeli War and occupied from 1949 to 1967. nadi O o wrote a review Sep 2020. "This is what a hostel is supposed to be" - Lonely Planet [188] The Golan Alawites in the village of Ghajar accepted Israeli citizenship in 1981. These states do not consider those concerns to allow for the annexation of territory captured by force. [111] Construction of Israeli settlements began in the remainder of the territory held by Israel, which was under military administration until Israel passed the Golan Heights Law extending Israeli law and administration throughout the territory in 1981. In Israel, the Golan plateau is divided into three regions: northern (between the Sa'ar and Jilabun valleys), central (between the Jilabun and Daliyot valleys), and southern (between the Daliyot and Yarmouk valleys). The occupied sector of the Golan Heights provides or controls a substantial portion of the water in the Jordan River watershed, which in turn provides a portion of Israel's water supply. Residents of both parts hold Israeli citizenship, and in the northern part often a Lebanese passport as well. During that time, it was decided that INOC's drilling permits would be returned to the state. [162] In 1923, this triangle in northwestern Golan was ceded to the French Mandate in Syria, but in exchange for this, land areas in Syria and Lebanon was ceded to Palestine, and the whole of the Sea of Galilee which previously had its eastern boundary connected to Syria was placed inside Palestine. Jannaeus established the city of Gamla in 81 BCE as the Hasmonean capital for the region. "[166] Accordingly, major parts of the armistice lines departed from the 1923 boundary and protruded into Israel. After the split of the United Monarchy, the area was contested between the northern Kingdom of Israel and the Aramean kingdom from the 9th century BCE. [19] When the mandate terminated in 1946, it became part of the newly independent Syrian Arab Republic. 2. [171], Since the breakout of the Syrian Civil War in 2012, the number of applications for Israeli citizenship is growing, although Syrian loyalty remains strong and those who apply for citizenship are often ostracized by members of the older generation. For many centuries nomadic tribes lived together with the sedentary population in the region. The Golan Heights, along with the rest of the region, came under the control of Alexander the Great in 332 BCE, following the Battle of Issus. According to the Associated Press, "many young Druse have been quietly relieved at the failure of previous Syrian–Israeli peace talks to go forward. [38], Topographically, the Golan Heights is a plateau with an average altitude of 1,000 metres,[42] rising northwards toward Mount Hermon and sloping down to about 400 metres (1,300 ft) elevation along the Yarmouk River in the south. 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