In order to create the dye, enslaved workers had to ferment and oxidize the indigo plants in a complicated multi-step process. Learn about African and African American history at Southern University Museum of Art. It can be argued this building was the first real state-of-the-art school for African-American high school students. Today, visitors can walk in the footsteps of Elvis Presley and many other stars, and hear how they got their start on the Louisiana Hayride radio program at the Shreveport Municipal Auditorium. Cane is buried in Oakland Cemetery in Shreveport. Enslaved people also served as cooks, handling the demanding task of hulling rice with mortars and pestles. The quilts present stories of women’s history, technique and tradition. Blow up the Great Raft yourself at the Louisiana State Oil and Gas Museum. For slaves in Shreveport – the northwest Louisiana city barred from commerce by a 180-mile log jam on the Red River – the toil to build a city was much the same. Because of the harsh nature of plantations – from labor to punishment – enslaved people resisted their captivity by running away. By 1860, Shreveport had a population of 2,200 free people and 1,300 slaves within the city limits. The Deadliest Massacre in Reconstruction-Era Louisiana Happened 150 Years Ago In September 1868, Southern white Democrats hunted down … The first black man of his family to be born into slavery but freed at the end of the Civil War, he went on to become one of the largest African-American landowners in … “Grif” was the racial designation used for their children. In the 1830s and 1840s, other areas around Bayou Lafourche, Bayou Teche, Pointe Coupee, and Bayou Sara, and the northern parishes also emerged as sugar districts despite the risk of frost damage. One was to honor the Civil War veterans who were aging while they were still alive. Centenary’s application for the Legacies of American Slavery initiative explored some of the historical roots of modern racial inequities in access to and quality of health care in Shreveport and the state of Louisiana and set a goal of identifying concrete solutions to address these disparities. This cane was frost-resistant, which made it possible for plantation owners to grow sugarcane in Louisiana’s colder parishes. Steamboats plied the Red River, and stevedores loaded and unloaded cargo. In this early period, European indentured servants submitted to 36-month contracts did most of the work clearing land and laboring on small-scale plantations. He sought a place on a slave ship bound for Africa, and Newton and his crewmates participated in most of the same activities he had written about before; the only action he was able to free himself from was profanity. After a severe illness his resolve was renewed yet he retained the same attitude about slavery as his contemporaries. … In plantation kitchens, they preserved the foodways of Africa. HISTORY OF WEATHER OBSERVATIONS Shreveport, Louisiana 1867 – 1957 Gary K. Grice INTRODUCTION Historical Overview Shreveport is located in extreme northwest Louisiana, approximately 17 miles east of the Texas border and about 37 miles from Arkansas (Figure 1). Saved from ebay.com. History and Meaning of the Shreveport Confederate Monument. Shreveport Chapter 237.” The UDC Shreveport chapter wanted a Confederate monument that would serve several purposes. The Caddo Parish Confederate Monument was a large statue and pedestal in Shreveport, Louisiana, erected in the early 1900s to commemorate the Lost Cause of the Confederate States of America and to admonish southerners "Lest We Forget" of their ancestors who fought and died in the American Civil War.Caddo Parish commissioners voted in July 2020 to build a box around the statue, … Civil War. The first museum in America dedicated entirely to slavery opened a few months ago in Wallace, Louisiana. During the Spanish period (1763-1803), Louisiana’s plantation owners grew wealthy from the production of indigo. Quilts were a part of the Underground Railroad’s communication for slaves escaping to freedom in the North. Once Captain Henry Miller Shreve cleared the river, Shreveport became a major artery of trade for surrounding Southern Enslaved people often escaped and became maroons in the swamps to avoid deadly work and whipping. Most enslaved individuals in Alabama were born into enslavement in other states and brought into the area as part of the South's internal slave trade. At the mill, enslaved workers fed the cane stalks into steam-powered grinders in order to extract the sugar juice inside the stalks. But Louisiana State University-Shreveport history professor Cheryl White has spent her . The 'Louisiana Runaway Slave Advertisements, 1836-1865' collection is a comprehensive digital collection of advertisements and notices harvested from the newspapers digitized as part of the Digitizing Louisiana Newspapers Project. The indigo industry in Louisiana remained successful until the end of the eighteenth century, when it was destroyed by plant diseases and competition in the market. Once inside the steeper, enslaved workers covered the plants with water. In 1712, there were only 10 Africans in all of Louisiana. Bill Homer , 87, was born a slave on June 17, 1850, to Mr. Jack Homer , who owned a large plantation near Shreveport, De. Enslaved men typically worked to produce the dye from the plants. The open kettle method of sugar production continued to be used throughout the 19th century. Field hands cut the cane and loaded it into carts which were driven to the sugar mill. It was safer and produced a higher-quality sugar, but it was expensive to implement and only the wealthiest plantation owners could afford it before the Civil War. In 1850 Bill was given to Mr. Homer's daughter, who moved to Caldwell, Texas. Enslaved people kept a tenuous grasp on their families, frequently experiencing the loss of sale. They raised horses, oxen, mules, cows, sheep, swine, and poultry. Sugar production skyrocketed after the Louisiana Purchase (1803) and a large influx of enslaved people to the territory, including thousands brought from Saint Domingue (Haiti). Reports on the forgotten history of the African Americans in Shreveport and Northwest Louisiana. These ships, which originated in the West Coast of Africa, carried captive rice farmers who brought the agricultural expertise to grow Louisiana’s rice plantations into profitable businesses for their European owners. It began in October. German immigrants, white indentured servants and enslaved Africans produced the land that sustained the growing city. Figure 1. A Black History of Shreveport. In the 1840s, Norbert Rillieux, a free man of color from Louisiana, patented his invention, the multiple effect evaporator. Whitney Plantation Museum offers tours Thursday-Monday, from 10am-3pm. Just before the Civil War in 1860, there were 331,726 enslaved people and 18,647 free people of color in Louisiana. Major new ports developed at St. Louis, Memphis, Chattanooga, Shreveport, and other locations. Finally, enslaved workers transferred the fermented, oxidized liquid into the lowest vat, called the reposoir. Those who were caught suffered severe punishment such as branding with a hot iron, mutilation, and eventually the death penalty. Once fermented, the leaves dyed the water a deep blue. They worked from sunup to sundown, to make life easy and enjoyable for their enslavers. Check out an engineering marvel from the Victorian era at Shreveport Water Works Museum. Location … The African American Experience in Texas collects for the first time the finest historical research and writing on African Americans in Texas. Steamboats plied the Red River, and stevedores loaded and unloaded cargo. Enslaved workers siphoned this liquid into a second vat called a beater, or batterie. They built levees to protect dwellings and crops. Whitney Plantation Museum offers tours Thursday-Monday, from 10am-3pm. Enslaved people led a grueling life centered on labor. They also served as sawyers, carpenters, masons, and smiths. Richard J. Cawthon, Architectural Historian . In 1939, "Shreveport" was incorporated as a town that soon became a center for steamboat trade moving cargoes of agricultural crops and cotton. In this stage, the indigo separated from the water and settled at the bottom of the tank. Death was common on Louisiana’s sugar plantations due to the harsh nature of the labor, the disease environment, and lack of proper nutrition and medical care. ©2021 Shreveport-Bossier Convention and Tourist Bureau | All rights reserved. Click here for visitation and safety guidelines. Chapters include From Slavery to Reconstruction in Shreveport; Black Business Growth and Development in Shreveport; Social and Cultural Growth; Shreveport's Black Communities; The Black Church in Shreveport; Crimes, Law and Order, Civil Rights and Politics; Black Education in Shreveport. Download the Downtown Shreveport Walking Tour Brochure, Request or download the Official Shreveport-Bossier Visitors’ Guide, Shreveport-Bossier Family Adventure Guide and Eat Here: A Food Lover’s Guide to Shreveport-Bossier, Read our latest stories on 20x49.com and go where the locals go for food, fun and entertainment, Shreveport-Bossier Convention and Tourist Bureau. In the batterie, workers stirred the liquid continuously for several hours to stimulate oxidation. Click here to Learn more about whitney plantation tour, Click here to Learn more about school & university groups, Click here to Learn more about large adult & family groups, Click here to Learn more about photo gallery, Click here to Learn more about virtual book club, Click here to Learn more about filming and photography requests, Click here to Learn more about interview and media requests, Click here to Learn more about black lives matter statement, Click here to Whitney Plantation's Enslaved Workers. The German Coast’s population of enslaved people had grown four times since 1795, to 8,776. Brown's powerful telling of his treatment as a slave, along with that of more than 200 other former slaves, can be found online because of the work of John B. Cade Sr. and Southern University. Sugarcane was planted in January and February and harvested from mid-October to December. In the last stage, the sugar crystallized. Enslaved women worked in the indigo fields growing and maintaining the crop. Louisiana, Shreveport, Central Colored High School, History, Segregation. Click here to email info@whitneyplantation.org, Click here to view location 5099 Louisiana Hwy 18, Edgard, LA 70049. Before those explorers arrived, of course, people we now know as Native Americans … The story begins on the mighty Red River. This was advantageous since ribbon cane has a tough bark which is hard to crush with animal power. A Shreveport city ordinance of December 1871 addressed the issue of prostitution in an attempt to keep it away from the public sphere. Enslaved Africans cleared the land and planted corn, rice, and vegetables. Louisiana, Shreveport, Central Colored High School, History, Segregation. Riverboats also came to symbolize the class and social distinctions of the antebellum age. Because of the nature of sugar production, enslaved people suffered tremendously in South Louisiana. Sign up for our e-newsletter to get the latest information to your inbox. The harvest season for sugarcane was called the “grinding season,” or roulaison. There was a slave market in Shreveport, and by 1860 the population consisted of 2200 free citizens and 1300 slaves. When early settlers moved into the region now known as Shreveport-Bossier in the early 1800s, it was already occupied by Caddo Native Americans. A life-sized statue of Clio, the muse of history, points to a book, which is inscribed with, “Erected by the United Daughters of the Confederacy. Over the course of the nineteenth century, the population of free people … The core zone of sugar production ran along the Mississippi River, between New Orleans and Baton Rouge. To begin, enslaved workers harvested the plants and packed the leaves into a large vat called a steeper, or trempoire. Current High School Page History of Booker T. Washington High School The construction and January 23, 1950, opening of Booker T. Washington High School began a significant era in the history of African-Americans in Shreveport, Louisiana. Click here for visitation and safety guidelines. By 1860, some thirty-five hundred riverboats were steaming in and out of New Orleans carrying an annual cargo of cotton worth $220 million (over $7 billion in 2019 dollars). In 1822, the larger plantation owners began converting their mills to steam power. Enslaved workers dried this sediment and cut it into cubes or rolled it into balls to sell at market. Request or Download a 2020 Visitor's Guide. 06/30/2019 . Plan Your Trip To Shreveport-Bossier, Louisiana Today! Slavery flourished initially in the tobacco fields of Virginia, Maryland and North Carolina. The sugar districts of Louisiana stand out as the only area in the slaveholding south with a negative birth rate among the enslaved population. From then on, Shreveport-Bossier became an epicenter of wild west shenanigans, Victorian-era dramas, Rock ‘N’ Roll history, and pivotal civil rights strides. Sugar plantations produced raw sugar as well as molasses, which were packed into wooden barrels on the plantation and shipped out to markets in New Orleans. -Shreveport-Bossier Video Conference Virtual Backgrounds, -Shreveport-Bossier Hotel & Lodging Association, -Shreveport-Bossier Attractions Association, Shreveport-Bossier Getaways E-Newsletter Archive. Shreveport began to prosper when Captain Henry Miller Shreve and his brigade broke up the Great Raft clogging the Red River. When Caddo Parish was created in 1838, Shreveport was made its seat. At the time this … In 1817, plantation owners began planting ribbon cane, which was introduced from Indonesia. The German Coast, where Whitney Plantation is located, was home to 2,797 enslaved workers. Newton continued in the slave trade through several voyages where he sailed up rivers in Africa — now as a captain — procured slaves … Thousands were smuggled from Africa and the Caribbean through the illegal slave trade. This old postcard from about 1910 (postmarked 1911) shows the entrance gates to Oakland Cemetery, on Milam Street at the northwest end of Grand Avenue (now Elvis Presley Avenue), just west of downtown Shreveport. Shreveport began to prosper when Captain Henry Miller Shreve and … It was also a trade-good used in the purchase of West African captives in the Atlantic slave trade. After the United States outlawed the Atlantic slave trade in 1807, many captives came to Louisiana from the Upper South through the domestic slave trade. Covering the time period between 1820 and the late 1970s, the selections highlight the significant role that black Texans played in the development of the state. More information. better life helped guide them from slavery to freedom. A few of them came from Southeast Africa. Find this Pin and more on Shreveport, LAby Patrick Grant. This dye was important in the textile trade before the invention of synthetic dyes. Booker T. Washington spoke to Shreveport, Louisiana, residents about racial reconciliation in 1911 and a second time in 1915, when a crowd of over 10,000 people came to see him. This process could take up to a day and a half, and it was famously foul-smelling. When early settlers moved into the region now known as Shreveport-Bossier in the early 1800s, it was already occupied by Caddo Native Americans. Discover artifacts from Shreveport’s Red Light District at Spring Street Museum. shreveport … The German Coast, where Whitney Plantation is located, was home to 2,797 enslaved workers. 1905, Love’s Tribute to Our Gallant Dead. Shreveport also had a slave market, though slave trading was not as widespread as in other parts of the state. Reservations are not required! Mary Bennett Cane and James H. Cane established a plantation on the east bank of the Red River, Elysian Groves, and is said to have opened the first store in Shreveport. Although the living conditions and work required of slaves varied widely across the state, the patterns and variations in Alabama broadly reflected the slave … The Red River flows through the area with Shreveport west of the river and Bossier City east of the river. After the planting season, enslaved workers began work in other areas on the plantation, such as cultivating corn and other food crops, harvesting wood from the surrounding forests, and maintaining levees and canals. After enslaved workers on Etienne DeBore’s plantation successfully granulated a crop of sugar in 1795, sugar replaced indigo as the dominant crop grown by enslaved people in Louisiana. In 1722, nearly 170 indigenous people were enslaved on Louisiana’s plantations. Bill now lives at 3215 McKinley Ave., Fort Worth, Texas. Click here to The museum is now open. Enslaved women who served as wet-nurses had to care for their owner’s children instead of their own. Over the course of the nineteenth century, the population of free people of color in Louisiana remained relatively stable, while the population of enslaved Africans skyrocketed. The Historic New Orleans Collection; Tulane University; University of Louisiana at Lafayette; University of Louisiana at Monroe; University of New Orleans; Vermilionville Living History Museum & Folklife Park; Webster Parish Library; The LDL is built with Islandora, an open source digital library system based on Fedora, Drupal, and Solr. Thousands were smuggled from Africa and the Caribbean through the illegal slave trade. Indigo is a brilliant blue dye produced from a plant of the same name. Under French rule (1699-1763), the German Coast became the main supplier of food to New Orleans. One facet of Louisiana that makes it such an appealing visitor destination is its deep and colorful history. By 1860, Shreveport had a population of 2,200 free people and 1,300 slaves within the city limits. The museum is now open. Enslaved workers had to time this process carefully, because over-fermenting the leaves would ruin the product. Note: I do not unusually place references at the end of any articles; however, I felt it would be appropriate with this article so that anyone reading this can see the research and source materials for this article. Shreveport also had a slave market, though slave trading was not as widespread as in other parts of the state. Here, they introduced lime to hasten the process of sedimentation. The Africans enslaved in Louisiana came mostly from Senegambia, the Bight of Benin, the Bight of Biafra, and West-Central Africa. As a result, some communities in Louisiana are among the oldest in the United States. The FBI recovered 13 teenagers from Shreveport in 2015 alone, including "Julie": a 9-year-old girl who was trafficked by her mother and who has since been located to … In 1795, there were 19,926 enslaved Africans and 16,304 free people of color in Louisiana. Her granddaughter Anna McCormick Stockwell sold the first lot in what was to become Bossier City in 1882. After soaking for several hours, the leaves would begin to ferment. This juice was then boiled down in a series of open kettles called the Jamaica Train. In addition to enslaved Africans and European indentured servants, early Louisiana’s plantation owners used the labor of Native Americans. This would change dramatically after the first two ships carrying captive Africans arrived in Louisiana in 1719. European explorers found their way to the region and inhabited the area very early relative to settlement of much of the rest of the continent. Once it was fully separated, enslaved workers drained the water, leaving the indigo dye behind in the tank. After the United States outlawed the Atlantic slave trade in 1807, many captives came to Louisiana from the Upper South through the domestic slave trade. +4 Find this Pin and more on Shreveport, LAby Patrick Grant. 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