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Cook also discovered and named Clerke Rocks and the South Sandwich Islands ("Sandwich Land"). James Cook was born in Yorkshire on Oct. 27, 1728, into a poor family. This was extraordinary for the time, as scurvy was a disease caused by a lack of vitamin C that had a reputation for wiping out entire crews. If you are interested, visit the Historical People Facts Page. [98] A large obelisk was built in 1827 as a monument to Cook on Easby Moor overlooking his boyhood village of Great Ayton,[99] along with a smaller monument at the former location of Cook's cottage. Several islands, such as the Hawaiian group, were encountered for the first time by Europeans, and his more accurate navigational charting of large areas of the Pacific was a major achievement. The provenance of the collection shows that the objects remained in the hands of Cook's widow Elizabeth Cook, and her descendants, until 1886. [96] A life-size statue of Cook upon a column stands in Hyde Park located in the centre of Sydney. The voyage was ostensibly planned to return the Pacific Islander Omai to Tahiti, or so the public was led to believe. [66] He died of tuberculosis on 22 August 1779 and John Gore, a veteran of Cook's first voyage, took command of Resolution and of the expedition. Searching for a vantage point, Cook saw a steep hill on a nearby island from the top of which he hoped to see "a passage into the Indian Seas". He was an expert mapmaker. [86] The site where he was killed in Hawaii was marked in 1874 by a white obelisk set on 25 square feet (2.3 m2) of chained-off beach. Being a neat freak and eating his fruits. [30] An interesting fact about James Cook is that most of his early life was spent on a farm in Scotland. BIBLIOGRAPHY. Facts about Captain James Cook 9: parents. He … On 24 May, Cook and Banks and others went ashore. Captain James Cook FRS (7 November [O.S. [16], During the Seven Years' War, Cook served in North America as master aboard the fourth-rate Navy vessel HMS Pembroke. He anchored near the First Nations village of Yuquot. See also Hugh Carrington, Life of Captain Cook (1939); John Reid Muir, The Life and Achievements of Captain James Cook (1939); Christopher Lloyd, Captain Cook (1952); and R.W. [94] Aoraki / Mount Cook, the highest summit in New Zealand, is named for him. He didn’t quite spend all his time tending to the crop and livestock, though. The Journals of Captain James Cook on His Voyages of Discovery, edited by J.C. Beaglehole (3 vols., 1955-1967), is an invaluable source. Despite not being formally educated he became capable in mathematics, astronomy and charting by the time of his Endeavour voyage. He sailed on through the strait separating Australia from New Guinea, to Java, around the Cape of Good Hope, and reached England on June 12, 1771. Throughout his service he demonstrated a talent for surveying and cartography and was responsible for mapping much of the entrance to the Saint Lawrence River during the siege, thus allowing General Wolfe to make his famous stealth attack during the 1759 Battle of the Plains of Abraham. In a month's time he was promoted to master's mate and 4 years later to master. More general works are J.C. Beaglehole, The Exploration of the Pacific (1934; 3d ed. According to mythology, the young Cook spent most of his time staring out the shop ’ s window at the sea. Furneaux made his way to New Zealand, where he lost some of his men during an encounter with Māori, and eventually sailed back to Britain, while Cook continued to explore the Antarctic, reaching 71°10'S on 31 January 1774.[15]. As part of his apprenticeship, Cook applied himself to the study of algebra, geometry, trigonometry, navigation and astronomy—all skills he would need one day to command his own ship. [1][2] He was the second of eight children of James Cook (1693–1779), a Scottish farm labourer from Ednam in Roxburghshire, and his locally born wife, Grace Pace (1702–1765), from Thornaby-on-Tees. Cook's expedition circumnavigated the globe at an extreme southern latitude, becoming one of the first to cross the Antarctic Circle on 17 January 1773. On July 13, 1772, he left Plymouth in the Resolution and, accompanied by another vessel, Adventure, sailed southward along the African coast and around the Cape of Good Hope, crossing the Antarctic Circle in January 1773. He tested several preventive measures, most importantly the frequent replenishment of fresh food. His mapping of new lands wasn’t ignored, however, and he changed the map of the world more than any other man. [27], The expedition sailed aboard HMS Endeavour, departing England on 26 August 1768. [69], The Australian Museum acquired its "Cook Collection" in 1894 from the Government of New South Wales. His voyages filled more of the world’s map than any other explorer in history. On this leg of the voyage, he brought a young Tahitian named Omai, who proved to be somewhat less knowledgeable about the Pacific than Tupaia had been on the first voyage. He was fascinated by the sea and wished to work as a sailor. [7], In 1745, when he was 16, Cook moved 20 miles (32 km) to the fishing village of Staithes, to be apprenticed as a shop boy to grocer and haberdasher William Sanderson. [43], Cook's second voyage marked a successful employment of Larcum Kendall's K1 copy of John Harrison's H4 marine chronometer, which enabled Cook to calculate his longitudinal position with much greater accuracy. [51], From the Sandwich Islands, Cook sailed north and then northeast to explore the west coast of North America north of the Spanish settlements in Alta California. "[85], A U.S. coin, the 1928 Hawaii Sesquicentennial half-dollar, carries Cook's image. [65], Clerke assumed leadership of the expedition and made a final attempt to pass through the Bering Strait. [83] In honour of Vancouver's former commander, his ship was named Discovery. [39], Shortly after his return from the first voyage, Cook was promoted in August 1771 to the rank of commander. An old kahuna (priest), chanting rapidly while holding out a coconut, attempted to distract Cook and his men as a large crowd began to form at the shore. Cook joined the Royal Navy relatively late in life. The best biography of Cook is Allan Villiers, Captain Cook, a Seaman's Seaman: A Study of the Great Discoverer (1967). Cook's log was full of praise for this time-piece which he used to make charts of the southern Pacific Ocean that were so remarkably accurate that copies of them were still in use in the mid-20th century. Cook was attacked and killed in 1779 during his third exploratory voyage in the Pacific while attempting to kidnap the Island of Hawaii's monarch, Kalaniʻōpuʻu, in order to reclaim a cutter stolen from one of his ships. In 2002, Cook was placed at number 12 in the BBC's poll of the 100 Greatest Britons. He attended St Paul's Church, Shadwell, where his son James was baptised. After sailing around the archipelago for some eight weeks, he made landfall at Kealakekua Bay on Hawai'i Island, largest island in the Hawaiian Archipelago. On Feb. 14, 1779, he was stabbed to death in a skirmish with some natives. A statue erected in his honour can be viewed near Admiralty Arch on the south side of The Mall in London. Then came the third and last voyage of Cook's life. [4][57] Similarly, Cook's clockwise route around the island of Hawaii before making landfall resembled the processions that took place in a clockwise direction around the island during the Lono festivals. [44], Upon his return, Cook was promoted to the rank of post-captain and given an honorary retirement from the Royal Navy, with a posting as an officer of the Greenwich Hospital. Captain James Cook, FRS (27 October 1728 – 14 February 1779) was an English explorer, navigator and cartographer.He made three voyages to the Pacific Ocean, mapping many areas and recording several islands and coastlines on European maps for the first time. The body was disembowelled, baked to facilitate removal of the flesh, and the bones were carefully cleaned for preservation as religious icons in a fashion somewhat reminiscent of the treatment of European saints in the Middle Ages. Here are some facts about Captain James Cook. At this time, Cook employed local pilots to point out the "rocks and hidden dangers" along the south and west coasts. Cook's contributions to knowledge gained international recognition during his lifetime. [4], After 18 months, not proving suited for shop work, Cook travelled to the nearby port town of Whitby to be introduced to friends of Sanderson's, John and Henry Walker. In 1931, Kenneth Slessor's poem "Five Visions of Captain Cook" was the "most dramatic break-through" in Australian poetry of the 20th century according to poet Douglas Stewart.

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