[citation needed]. In ancient China, fans came in various shapes and forms (such as in a leaf, oval or a half-moon shape), and were made in different materials such as silk, bamboo, feathers, etc.[4]. They were mainly used to protect a woman's face against the glare and heat of the fire, to avoid getting "coup rose", or ruddy cheeks from the heat. These are usually axial fans, and often use blades made from a soft material for safety. Folding fan painted by the Qianlong emperor for Empress Dowager Chongqing, China, 1762 AD. See our Privacy Policy and Terms of use at these links. Folding fans have "montures" which are the sticks and guards, and the leaves were usually painted by craftsmen. It has been said that in the courts of England, Spain and elsewhere fans were used in a more or less secret, unspoken code of messages. In addition to folding fans (ōgi),[14] the non-bending fans (uchiwa) are popular and commonplace.
For centuries, large, long-handled fans were ceremonial symbols of power, the privilege of pharaohs, priests and kings. Cheap since the most affordable abanico (hand fan) can be purchased from 2€. --dealers. Lithographed, hand-colored fans imitated hand-drawn versions of earlier eras. [8][9][11] Later in the 11th century, Korean envoys brought along Korean folding fans which were of Japanese origin as gifts to Chinese court. Lithographed, hand-colored fans imitated hand-drawn versions of earlier eras. Portuguese traders brought them from East Asia (China and Japan) in the 16th century, and fans became generally popular. Advances in 18th Century printing technology brought the fan within reach of the masses. The Chinese dancing fan was developed in the 7th century. Modern powered mechanical hand fans: these are hand fans which, unlike most, appear as mini mechanical rotating fans with blades. Beginning collectors should be wary of ignorant--or unscrupulous. Many 18th Century pleated and brise fans were painted with reproductions of masterpieces. However, modern research has proved that this was a marketing ploy developed in the 19th century (FANA Journal, spring 2004, Fact & Fiction about the language of the fan by J.P. Ryan) - one that has kept its appeal remarkably over the succeeding centuries. Those folding fans of the 15th century found in museums today have either leather leaves with cut out designs forming a lace-like design or a more rigid leaf with inlays of more exotic materials like mica.
In 18th and 19th century paintings of interiors one sometimes sees one laying on a chimney mantle. Brise fans are folding fans that have no leaf. Throughout history, fans have taken on many forms and been constructed by countless means. In 1867, Hunt Fan Co. opened in Massachusetts and made-in-America fans began to acquire a following. After the discovery of Pompeii in 1748, fans blossomed with neoclassical motifs. Fans retained their favored position until well into the 1930s, and well- known artists designed examples that expressed both the sinuous nature of art nouveau and the clean angularity of Art Deco.
By the 1700s, the art of the European fashion fan had reached its height. As fashion catapulted into the modern age, however, the fan suddenly seemed out of place. The trend trickled its way down to the masses, as fans became easier and cheaper to produce. The Greeks and Romans caught on and the flabellum, as it was known, was used in the Christian church for some time to wave away insects and cool worshippers. [2] These fan languages were a way to cope with the restricting social etiquette. Wind-up fans (similar to wind-up clocks) were popular in the 18th century. Fans are high on my souvenir shopping list, and I imagine one day having a collection of exotic specimens that span the length and breadth of my travels.
In India the earliest fans were of palm leaves. Fans started to display well painted leaves, often with a religious or classical subject. [6][7][8][9] It was a court fan called the Akomeogi (衵扇) after the court women's dress named akome. Checcoli, Anna. " Until the 20th century houses were heated by open fires in chimneys or by stoves, and the lack of insulation made many a house very draughty and cold during winter. [12] The popularity of folding fans was such that sumptuary laws were promulgated during Heian period which restricted the decoration of both hiogi and paper folding fans. Archaeological ruins and ancient texts show that the hand fan was used in ancient Greece at least from the 4th century BC and was known as a rhipis (Greek: ῥιπίς).[1].
The fan became especially popular in Spain, where flamenco dancers used the fan and extended its use to the nobility. These fans are particularly well displayed in the portraits of the high-born women of the era. For more souvenir ideas, get Duende’s Soulful Souvenir Guide and shopping list. A particular status and gender were associated with a specific type of fan. Ventagli Cinesi Giapponesi ed Orientali ", Tassinari, 2009. A portrait of a lady holding a rigid (oval) fan from the painting "Appreciating Plums", by Chinese artist Chen Hongshou, A typical commercially produced scented wood folding fan, featuring a drawing of the Great Wall of China, Chinese foldable fans are also used in the performance of Kung Fu, In ancient Japan, hand fans, such as oval and silk fans, were influenced greatly by Chinese fans.
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