Afterward, there were many exceptional and loyal generals kept serving the country, most of them, in the end, sacrificed heroically in battlefields fighting against Manchu or rebel armies, while a few of them surrendered. The Chongzhen Emperor kept working 14 to 16 hours each day, he and his queen had barely worn new clothes and donated most of their money to relief the supplies to refugees. The Confucian hierarchical order was not rigidly enforced as it had been under the Tang and Song, and the Mongols thereby facilitated the upward mobility of some social classes, such as the merchants, and encouraged extensive growth of popular culture, which had been traditionally downgraded by the literati. Many people blamed General Yuan for this big failure, and then brought up his other crimes, so the Chongzhen Emperor sentenced him to death. Three months later, after Chongzhen Emperor having figured out the whole situation, he eliminated Wei’s entire party decisively and smartly. During his ruling period, natural disasters, the Manchu invasion, and refugees’ uprisings had never stopped. The Ming dynasty Political history.
They were just like their Chongzhen Emperor, even though they already knew the tragic ending, even they realized that they were not heroes who were capable to make a huge change, they still fought bravely till the last minute. Why Did Ming China Stop Sending out the Treasure Fleet? (There was one last voyage under Yongle's grandson, Xuande, in 1430-33.). By the mid-1360s, large regional states had been created that openly flouted Yuan authority: Song in the Huai basin, under the nominal leadership of a mixed Manichaean-Buddhist secret-society leader named Han Lin’er; Han in the central Yangtze valley, under a onetime fisherman named Chen Youliang; Xia in Sichuan, under an erstwhile general of the rebel Han regime named Ming Yuzhen; and Wu in the rich Yangtze delta area, under a former Grand Canal boatman named Zhang Shicheng. Chongzhen Emperor needed money to fight against the invasive Manchu Regime, to suppress uprising armies, and to help the victims of those natural disasters. Honestly speaking, General Yuan didn’t have reason to betray his country, since he was a powerful chief commander of the Ming Empire, while Manchu was only a poor nomadic regime with a small territory at that time.
After Chongzhen Emperor retrieved centralized power back and started to concentrate on governance, he found that his grandfather and brother left him an empire that filled with chaos and crisis. His wife and daughters committed suicide after he got caught; Qing’s Kangxi Emperor sentenced his sons and grandsons to death. Zhu Youjian was a noble prince of the Ming Empire, but he had barely experienced love and warmth from his family.
Royal Palace of the Ming Dynasty — The Forbidden City in Beijing. All of Yuan's activities made him look like a traitor that didn’t try to fight against the enemy, but led them to arrive at the capital, and wanted his army to come inside so he could have the emperor under control. China was self-sufficient; it didn't need anything from the Indian Ocean world, so why send out these huge fleets? He brought food on his own, hold a sword at night, and always stayed with large numbers of people so that he won't be assassinated by Wei. He refused to let Yuan came into Beijing, and commanded him to fight against Manchu outside the city. Yet, Mongol rule lifted some of the traditional ideological and political constraints on Chinese society. Each facet can be broadly classified as the political factors, economic factors and defence factors. Indeed, both Zheng He's father and grandfather used the honorific hajji, an indication that they had performed their ritual pilgrimage to Mecca, on the Arabian Peninsula. Inside the Ming’s government, they had discussed calling a truce with Manchu Regime, or the rebel army, or to move the capital city into a safer city in the south. If he collected less tax, he had no money to defend the border; if he collected more, civilians would suffer more and then rebel.
But from Chongzhen Emperor’s perspective, Yuan’s loyalty was very doubtful. Until the Qing Empire perished in three hundred years later, people started to know those explicit truths, as well as other of Qing’s cruel slaughters. Hong Chengchou’s mother, brother, and other members of his clan all stopped talking with him and never stepped into his fancy houses; instead, they left Qing’s conquered land and lived on a boat, until they all passed away. During that a few decades, the wars, Qing’s cruel carnages, and natural disasters led to the loss of around 30 to 40 million population, included people who fought intensely with Qing, and those refused to shave their heads to keep the braided hairstyle that Qing stipulated. After Chongzhen Emperor’s sacrifice, his three sons disappeared from the public forever; there were no official records regarding how they escaped, or where they ended up. Royal Nine-tasselled Crown (Jiu Liu Mian) of the Ming Dynasty — Shandong Museum (Photo by Dongmaiying).
Yuan and other brave generals defeated the enemy, but the Manchu Lord then occupied four cities nearby, as their strongholds, surrounding Beijing. Yuan Chonghuan was very excited about the new powerful position, and the great trust that the new emperor gave him, so he promised the Chongzhen Emperor that he would defeat the Manchu Regime and recover all the lost cities of Ming within five years. The next year after Chongzhen Emperor’s death, the Qing’s army defeated and occupied city Yangzhou, where they encountered huge resistance. The Mongol court and the provincial administrations could still rely on a number of faithful officials and soldiers, and so the progress of the rebel movement in the 1350s and ’60s remained slow. In addition to political motivation, the new emperor had financial motivation.
Over 800,000 bodies were piled up in the city after Qing’s army left; a book that detailedly documented this cruel massacre was then banned by Qing’s government. His father had never been liked by his grandfather, the Wanli Emperor. The cessation of Zheng He’s maritime voyages by the Ming dynasty is multi-faceted. Dr. Kallie Szczepanski is a history teacher specializing in Asian history and culture. Da Gama went in search of adventure and trade, so many westerners assume that the same motives inspired Zheng He's trips. Ineptitude on the throne, bureaucratic factionalism at court, rivalries among Mongol generals, and ineffective supervision and coordination of provincial and local administration had gravely weakened the Yuan government by the 1340s. Till then, the most powerful and evil political party of the Ming Empire was finally and completely perished, by this teenager Chongzhen Emperor. He worked diligently and never stopped fighting, as a brave monarch with dignity.
The Ming dynasty (1368-1644) was a Chinese dynasty with a Chinese imperial family, as distinct from the dynasty that came before it (the Mongol, or Yuan, dynasty of Chinggis and Khubilai Khan) or the one that followed it (the Manchu, or Qing, dynasty). However, throughout the entire Ming Dynasty, no emperor had tried to sign pact to plea for a truce, nor fled outside of their capital city, nor surrender. What if Vasco da Gama's four little Portuguese caravels had run into a stupendous fleet of more than 250 Chinese junks of various sizes, but all of them larger than the Portuguese flagship? In the end, Li Zicheng failed and escaped westward; the Manchu troop kept marching and expanding. Anyway, he continued the tradition that his ancestors left for him. While Yuan chieftains contended with one another for dominance at the capital, Dadu (present-day Beijing), and in the North China Plain, these rebel states to the south wrangled for survival and supremacy. Confucius saw merchants and other middlemen as parasites, profiting on the work of the farmers and artisans who actually produced trade goods. Meanwhile, he pretended to be polite, submissive, and respected Wei, just like his older brother did.
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