KORINMAN, M., 1990, Quand l'Allemagne pensait le monde : grandeur et décadence d'une géopolitique, Paris, Fayard. It was therefore a matter of studying in succession: 1) the justification of both the ’naturalness’ of the territorial borders and how a core area continually reinforce national unity; 2) geopolitical codes, a concept borrowed from John Gaddis (1982, ix), who defined it as the ‘assumptions about [national] interests in the world, potential threats to them, and feasible responses’; 3) the choice of other countries and their foreign policy as a model to follow or to reject; 4) the idea of a National mission; 5) assumptions about interpersonal (even Divine) forces. The publication by German Geographer Friedrich Ratzel of his great classic Politische Geographie (1897), in this respect, is universally recognized as the first systematic treatment of the subject. In a pioneering study, Alan Henrikson (1980) had suggested the pertinence of studying the ‘mental maps’ or ‘cognitive maps of foreign policy makers. […] land power and sea power meet/ clash in the Eurasian-African Rimlands and marginal seas. MACKINDER, H. J., 1943, « The Round World and the Winning of the Peace », Foreign Affairs, vol. Defining Geopolitics as ‘the spatial study and practice of international relations’, which ‘explains the dynamic spatial dimension to some persisting patterns of conflict in international relations’, he considers that ‘Geopolitics is a variant of classical realism’ (Gray, 2005, p. 18, 28 and 29). Frankly, I was surprised that it happened so soon, but it certainly was within the scope of my prediction’ (Collins, 1999, p. 64). There is clearly an emphasis on him frequently resorts to using comparisons of scales as well as the study of the intersections of spatial sets. Three central levels, the demographic space, the diplomatico-strategic space, and the economic space, form the geopolitical infrastructure. It was only during the Second World War that the term started to be commonly used in English. They have driven themselves into a frenzy of effort to plug all possible leaks in the Rimland dike, regardless of the risks involved in making commitments or the chances of success (Cohen, 1963, p. 59).’ This however did not mean condemning Geopolitics, as Cohen in his landmark treatise, Geography and Politics in a Divided World, (1963), explicitly developed a framework for geopolitical analysis, the purpose of which was both the ‘description of geographical settings as they relate to political power’ and ‘laying out the spatial frameworks that embrace interacting political power units (Cohen, 1963, p. 25).’ Cohen undoubtedly played the role of a precursor in the renewal of Geopolitics which took place from the 1970s onwards. Editor of A Companion to Greek and Roman Political Thought (Blackwell, 2009). ©2000-2020 ITHAKA. © 1956 University of Utah DUSSOUY, G., 2006, Traité de Relations internationales. Rather, according to these theorists, common opinion itself is a contingent product of the workings of power and influence (think of Marx), of limitless self-regard (think of Freud), and of hypocrisy (think of Nietzsche). Gray (1988, p.15) summarized his views by writing that for him, ‘control of the World-Island of Eurasia-Africa by a single power would, over the long term, mean control of the world. CLAVAL, P., 2000, « Hérodote and the French Left », in Dodds, K. COHEN, S. B., 1991, « Presidential Address: Global Geopolitical Change in the Post-Cold War Era». The revival of geopolitics, from the 1970s onwards, was also marked by the development of empirical geopolitical analysis. Geopolitical Perspectives on World Politics, Winnipeg: Centre for Defence and Security Studies. The purpose of the paper is to analytically determine the extent to which the theory is still influential in contemporary world … Over time, the world has been turning into a global scene in which various transformations have been made in respect to the way people, entities, institutions and governments carry on their transactions. Abdicating the scientific anchoring of geography, for a pseudo-scientific approach, clearly did unequivocally set, were deployed uncritically, and combined with ‘magic cartography’, as means to propaganda in order to promote an expansionist agenda (Herb, 1989). E-IR is an independent non-profit publisher run by an all volunteer team. Any To access this article, please, Access everything in the JPASS collection, Download up to 10 article PDFs to save and keep, Download up to 120 article PDFs to save and keep. XI, n° 3, p. 267-268. 9, n° 3, p. 553-569. Mackinder and Spykman have given us fresh ideas as to how to view the world in meaningful perspective; their concepts of heartland and rimland are useful and important. Bruxelles, Complexe. Discuss the heartland theory presented by Mackinder. There are for this purpose 3 double axis of analysis: local/global; war/peace heterogeneity/homogeneity. SLOAN, G., 2005, « Classical geopolitical theory: does it still matter? These patterns alternate around the shifting distribution of power within important regions of the rimland. Ask them about today’s world, and they will answer you with questions. It is however clear that a geoderministic perspective did underlay his geopolitical thinking, as Murphy (1997) has shown. The concept of power is represented by a central vertical axis, which connects the five spaces. The concern here is with terminology and with the basic geographical framework upon which these theories rest. Critical theorists defend the priority of word to deed but also mistrust the innocence or purity of any words or deeds. Voir la notice dans le catalogue OpenEdition, Plan du site – Soumettre un article – Instructions aux auteurs – Code de déontologie et bonnes pratiques – Contrat de publication – Flux de syndication, Nous adhérons à OpenEdition Journals – Édité avec Lodel – Accès réservé, Vous allez être redirigé vers OpenEdition Search, Les contributions anciennes et nouvelles à une approche théorique en géopolitique, Main Theoretical Currents in Geopolitical Thought in the Twentieth Century, Les principaux courants théoriques de la pensée géopolitique au XXe siècle.
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