An Indo-European language, it occupies its own branch within the linguistic family, the sole language in the Armenian branch.
All maps, graphics, flags, photos and original descriptions © 2020 worldatlas.com, Towns With The Lowest Violent Crime Rates In The US, Assyrian, Greek, Russian, Yazidi Kurdish (officially recognized by the ECRML), French as second language (10,106 speakers including 10,056 ethnic Armenians), German as second language (6,342 speakers including 6,210 ethnic Armenians), Persian as second language (4,396 speakers including 4,352 ethnic Armenians), Other foreign languages as second language (29,430 speakers including 25,899 ethnic Armenians). Mesrop was one of the officials in his chancellery and a prominent scholar. For example, Eastern Armenians pronounce (թ) as an aspirated “t” as in “telephone”, (դ) like the “d” in “decide”, and (տ) as a tenuis.
[15], The popularity of English has been growing since Armenia's independence in 1991. Several distinct varieties of the Armenian language can be distinguished: Old Armenian (Grabar), Middle Armenian (Miǰin hayerên), and Modern Armenian, or Ašxarhabar (Ashkharhabar). ", Fondation Université Française en Arménie, European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages, "Constitution of the Republic of Armenia", "Bilingualism and language planning in Armenia", "The South Caucasus Between The EU And The Eurasian Union", "De Jure Population (Urban, Rural*) by Ethnicity and Languages", "Russian Language Enjoying a Boost in Post-Soviet States", http://armstat.am/file/article/sv_03_13a_520.pdf, "Armenia becomes full member of Francophonie", "De Jure Population (Urban, Rural) by Age and Ethnicity", "Первая всеобщая перепись населения Российской Империи 1897 г. Распределение населения по родному языку и уездам Российской Империи кроме губерний Европейской России - Эриваньская губерния", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Languages_of_Armenia&oldid=976021261, Articles with unsourced statements from October 2014, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 31 August 2020, at 18:58. “Mesrop Mashtoc” (the creator of the armenian alphabet) -Artist; Zoryan Ashot. The Armenian language is known to us from the fifth century CE onwards thanks to an unbroken literary tradition comprising three periods: Classical or Grabar (5th to 11th centuries), Middle (12th to 16th), and Modern (17th to 21st). Here the negative verbs are conjugated differently from positive ones. The book is an example of the development of a literature and writing style of Old Armenian. [15], Although Armenian Greeks are mostly multilingual (speaking Greek, Armenian and Russian), the 1,176 strong Greek community has kept the Pontic Greek dialect as their native language. Sometimes dialects can’t be intelligible.
This reveals consonant shifts in Armenian dialects that, all told, represent as many as seven types of development of the Old Armenian plosive system. P.106: "We do not know when the language became extinct, but it is likely that the collapse of what had survived of the empire until the end of the seventh or the beginning of the sixth century BCE caused the language to disappear. Armenian is the most popular language of Armenia. R. D. Woodard). Not much is known about the Armenian language before it was first written in the 5th century AD, though the Armenians are mentioned in inscriptions dating back to the 6th century BC.
New literary forms and styles reached Armenians from Europe and Ashkharhabar were created. (ed.) Armenian was historically split into two vaguely-defined primary dialects: Eastern Armenian, the form spoken in modern-day Armenia, and Western Armenian, the form spoken by Armenians in Anatolia. 33,509 of Armenia's citizens speak Kurdish as a first language (31,479 reported Yazidi while 2,030 reported Kurdish). Armenian language, Armenian Hayeren, also spelled Haieren, language that forms a separate branch of the Indo-European language family; it was once erroneously considered a dialect of Iranian. Modern Armenian embraces two written varieties—Western Armenian (Arewmtahayerên) and Eastern Armenian (Arewelahayerên)—and many dialects are spoken. The name Armenia first occurs in the Old Persian inscriptions at Bīsotūn dated to c. 520 BCE (but note that the Armenians use the ethnonym hay [plural hayk‘] to refer to themselves). Thus obviously there are notable differences between two variants. [18] A university named Fondation Université Française en Arménie (French University in Armenia) was founded in 2000 according to the agreement between Armenian and French governments. So he used this model to create a new alphabet. Classical Armenian. By means of grammar, Armenian early forms have many common features with classical Greek and Latin. How to learn Armenian by yourself?
The Armenian language has two standard forms: Eastern and Western Armenian. It should be mentioned that this explanation of the origin of Armenian plosives is a traditional one. Study courses are available in numerous languages in Armenian universities, most notably the Yerevan State Linguistic University. Before the creation of Armenian alphabet, Armenian people wrote with ‘cuneiform’ scripts. In the early 20th century, only about 3 to 4% of the Armenian population could speak this language. Armenians in Abkhazia are the first or second ethnic minority. Thus two more letters added to the alphabet. There he studied the principles of writing. It must have begun to do so in the fourth millennium B.C. The nominal inflection, however, preserves several types of inherited stem classes. For example sh- շ, (t)ch –չ, ts-ծ. Armenians only add the negative “չ” to the positive conjugation. [3] A 2012 opinion poll showed that 94% of Armenians have basic knowledge of Russian, with 24% having advanced knowledge, 59% intermediate knowledge and 11% having beginner lever knowledge of the language. Russian language newspapers and television channels are also popular in the nation.
[19], According to the 2011 Armenian Census there are 10,106 people who speak French as a second language (10,056 of the speakers are ethnic Armenians), 6,342 people who speak German as a second language (6,210 of the speakers are ethnic Armenians), 4,396 speakers of Persian (4,352 of the speakers are ethnic Armenians), and 29,430 people speak other languages as a second language (25,899 of the speakers are ethnic Armenians). Previous to this Armenian holy book, Greek and Aramaic/Syriac Bibles were used from the 8th century BC, though the Armenian language itself was mentioned in the 6th century BC in Persian texts, and Greek texts dated shortly after. There are 733 people who speak Ukrainian as a first language in Armenia, 606 of them are ethnic Ukrainians, the other 127 Ukrainian speakers are of other ethnicities (106 of them are ethnic Armenians). The Article 20 of the Constitution of Armenia states that "The state language of the Republic of Armenia is Armenian".[1]. In the late 4th century AD, Armenian King named Vramshapuh asked Mesrop Mashtots to create a new alphabet for Armenian. Among them, 32,688 identified as ethnic Kurds while the rest were non-Kurds including 777 ethnic Armenians. Personal forms have a person, number, time, weather, and sex. Though many of the Western Armenian dialects are dead some existing ones can be subdivided into several subdialects. English is the second and the fastest growing foreign language in Armenia. These two cities became the primary parts of Armenian intellectual and cultural life. According to a 2012 poll, 40% of Armenians have basic knowledge of English with only 4% having advanced proficiency of English, 16% intermediate and 20% beginner level. This new alphabet was first used to translate the Hebrew Bible and the Christian New Testament. The Armenian language is the official language of the Republic of Armenia, as well as the Nagorno-Karabakh Republic, although the latter is not internationally recognized. Eastern Armenian is spoken mainly in Armenia, Nagorno-Karabakh, Georgia, and Iran. It also has “soft voiceless” consonants. ՄԱՅՐԵՆԻ ԼԵԶՎՈՎ ՀԱՂՈՐԴԱԿՑՎԵԼՈՒ, ԿԱՐԴԱԼՈՒ ԵՎ ԳՐԵԼՈՒ ԿԱՐՈՂՈՒԹՅԱՆ ԶԱՐԳԱՑՈՒՄ, ԱԶԳԱՅԻՆ ԱՐԺԵՔՆԵՐԻ ՊԱՀՊԱՆՈՒՄ ԵՎ ՁԵՎԱՎՈՐՈՒՄ: Universities in Russian, English and French exist in the capital city of Armenia, This process was arguably accelerating as the term "European" increasingly is being used to refer to citizens of the European Union rather than peoples of ethnic European origins, but the recent (2004) inclusion of Armenia in the EU "New Neighborhood", which is expected to lead to membership in the long term will once again swing the pendulum in the direction of Europe. There are useful websites that can be used to learn Armenian, either for free or for a small fee.
[21], According to the 2011 Armenian Census there are 900 Greeks in Armenia.
2008. For instance, Armenians in Karabakh speak by a different dialect than Armenians living in Yerevan. Since you speak an Indo-European language (aka English) along with Chinese and Korean, Georgian is harder. [20], Armenian joined the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages in 2001, which protects the languages of the minorities: Assyrian, Greek, Russian and Northern Kurdish. In modern forms of Armenian the stress falls on the last syllable of a word. the community was already dividing into two groups, namely, the Indo-lranian and the Greek-Armenian. a, i, schwa, open e, closed e, o and u, Nowadays Modern Armenian can be divided into two main dialectal groups and those groups in their turn into individual dialects.
The consonant shift in Proto-Armenian had some similarities to the Proto-Germanic shift (see Grimm’s law), although these processes were independent of one another. Grabar, as the language of the first translation was known, became the standard for all subsequent literature, and its use produced what has come to be considered the golden age of Armenian literature. About 50 dialects were known before 1915, when the Armenian population of Turkey was drastically reduced by means of massacre and forced exodus; some of these dialects were mutually unintelligible. In modern Armenian spoken and literary dialects have a complicated system of noun declension. wThreadtitle=Armenia Language Forum Greek is also one of minority languages spoken in Armenia. As of 2011, 733 people in Armenia speak Ukrainian as their first language. Armenian can be divided into the following stages. An example of the difference between the two varieties of Modern Armenian can be seen in two common personal names of Greek origin that are pronounced /Petros/ and /Grigor/ in Eastern Armenian, without any change as regards the voicing, but /Bedros/ and /Krikor/ in Western Armenian. "Neither its geographical origin can be conclusively determined, nor the area where Urartian was spoken by a majority of the population.
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