Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington, KG, GCB, GCH, PC, FRS (1 May 1769 – 14 September 1852) was an Anglo-Irish soldier and Tory statesman who was one of the leading military and political figures of 19th-century Britain, serving twice as prime minister. The French cavalry attacked the British infantry squares many times, each at a heavy cost to the French but with few British casualties. "[96], Wellesley defeated the French at the Battle of Roliça and the Battle of Vimeiro in 1808[98] but was superseded in command immediately after the latter battle. The attack of the Imperial Guards was mounted by five battalions of the Middle Guard, and not by the Grenadiers or Chasseurs of the Old Guard. Wellington withdrew his army and, joined with the smaller corps commanded by Rowland Hill, began to retreat to Portugal. When viewing opened to the public, crowds thronged to visit and several people were killed in the crush. By 1812 he was in a position to lead his army in to Spain and won a famous victory at Salamanca, before going on to take Madrid. When Spain chose to revolt against Napoleon's French occupation Wellesley was the choice to take command of British forces on the Iberian Peninsula in support of the Spanish and Portuguese.
[11] In 1781, Arthur's father died and his eldest brother Richard inherited his father's earldom. His mother was the eldest daughter of Arthur Hill-Trevor, 1st Viscount Dungannon, after whom Wellesley was named. [43] Arthur's brother Richard ordered that an armed force be sent to capture Seringapatam and defeat Tipu. He gave public rhetorical support to Ultra-Tory anti-reform positions, but then deftly changed positions toward the party's center, especially when Peel needed support from the upper house. [30] He became a major by purchase in the 33rd Regiment in 1793. He became a captain on 30 January 1791, and was transferred to the 58th Regiment of Foot. Wellesley suffered a minor injury to his knee from a spent musket-ball. He was a colonel by 1796 and saw action in the Netherlands and in India, where he fought in the Fourth Anglo-Mysore War at the Battle of Seringapatam. [215] In 2002, he was number 15 in the BBC's poll of the 100 Greatest Britons. He stated: I think you have no right, from the state of war, to demand any concession of territory from America... You have not been able to carry it into the enemy's territory, notwithstanding your military success, and now undoubted military superiority, and have not even cleared your own territory on the point of attack. He expressed his grief openly the night after Waterloo before his personal physician, and later with his family; unwilling to be congratulated for his victory, he broke down in tears, his fighting spirit diminished by the high cost of the battle and great personal loss. Namesake of the coolest little capital in the world. [109], Following his victory at Talavera, Wellesley was elevated to the Peerage of the United Kingdom on 26 August 1809 as Viscount Wellington of Talavera and of Wellington, in the County of Somerset, with the subsidiary title of Baron Douro of Wellesley. During the retreat to Portugal in 1811, he subsisted on "cold meat and bread", to the despair of his staff who dined with him. In 1834 he accepted the position of Foreign Secretary under Sir Robert Peel and later leader of the House of Lords, before he retired from politics in 1846. The value of this reinforcement at this particular moment can hardly be overestimated.
However, following his death in 1852 the people turned out in force to honour a man who served his country with honour and dedication. Commanded by Freiherr von Bülow, IV Corps arrived as the French cavalry attack was in full spate. This proved to be one of the main achievements of his time as Prime Minister as he believed it was for the greater good. Members of the royal family, including Queen Victoria, the Prince Consort, the Prince of Wales, and the Princess Royal, visited to pay their respects. p. 14.
[114], In 1811, Masséna returned toward Portugal to relieve Almeida; Wellington narrowly checked the French at the Battle of Fuentes de Onoro. [230] Holman is recorded as a servant of the Dukes of Wellington from 1871 to 1905). After a barrage of 80 cannons, the first French infantry attack was launched by Comte D'Erlon's I Corps. The Duke of Wellington. The Duke of Wellington will forever be known to most for his role at the Battle of Waterloo. So to honour the old Duke, on the very spot that he first landed in what would become Wellington**, we’ve created The Duke of Wellington Gastro Pub.
[69] Dhoondiah continued to retreat, but his forces were rapidly deserting, he had no infantry and due to the monsoon weather flooding river crossings he could no longer outpace the British advance. Longford says, "there is no valid argument" for this choice. [187], Wellington was gradually superseded as leader of the Tories by Robert Peel, while the party evolved into the Conservatives. During the Hundred Days in 1815, he commanded the allied army which, together with a Prussian Army under Blücher, defeated Napoleon at Waterloo. Who?" [147] Approximately 30 percent of that 26,000 were Irish. [201] Harriet's death in the cholera epidemic of 1834 was almost as great a blow to Wellington as it was to her husband. [27][31] A few months later, in September, his brother lent him more money and with it he purchased a lieutenant-colonelcy in the 33rd. The spoils of war were too tempting for many of the victors as the French abandoned much of their baggage, with the level of looting helping the French to escape. John Cooper, Brian Howard Harrison (2002). The only time that he ever showed grief in public was after the storming of Badajoz; he cried at the sight of the British dead in the breaches. [178][179][180][241] It is likely that its use became more widespread after an incident in 1832 in which he installed metal shutters to prevent rioters breaking windows at Apsley House. General Dalrymple then signed the controversial Convention of Sintra, which stipulated that the Royal Navy transport the French army out of Lisbon with all their loot, and insisted on the association of the only available government minister, Wellesley. Another wave of near insurrection swept the country. The Spanish retreated precipitously, necessitating the advance of two British divisions to cover their retreat. Moreover, Eton had no playing fields at the time. The change was prompted by the landslide by-election win of Daniel O'Connell, an Irish Catholic proponent of emancipation, who was elected despite not being legally allowed to sit in Parliament.
[40] Returning in November to India, he learnt that his elder brother Richard, now known as Lord Mornington, had been appointed as the new Governor-General of India. [193] In 1824, one liaison came back to haunt him, when Wellington received a letter from a publisher offering to refrain from issuing an edition of the rather racy memoirs of one of his mistresses Harriette Wilson, in exchange for financial consideration. The Chasseurs deployed to counter-attack but began to waver. His intelligence, however, reported the location of the Marathas' main army, between two rivers near Assaye.
Goldsmith, Thomas. "Politics, administration and decision-making: Wellington and the navy, 1828-30", This page was last edited on 25 September 2020, at 20:03. Above all, he had gained a clear idea of how, by setting attainable objectives and relying on his own force and abilities, a campaign could be fought and won. In 1822, he had an operation to improve the hearing of the left ear. We have a weekly Quiz night on a Wednesday night https://tinyurl.com/dukequiz, We can offer our full menu for takeaway – you can either order via the Regulr App or by calling in, Download Regulr now – Google play store or App store, The Duke of Wellington. [211], Wellington's casket was decorated with banners which were made for his funeral procession. Notes: "While, in view of the developing strategic situation, is not clear what Wellesley hoped to gain by its seizure, he had resolved to take the fortress—a task which he evidently believed could be easily accomplished; for, notwithstanding the.
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