Second, a series of deaths left Louis XIV's two-year-old great-grandson, the future Louis XV as heir, making Philip next in line and his immediate renunciation imperative. Paris, 1990. Combined with victories over the Ottomans, this meant the Austrian Habsburgs increasingly switched their focus to southern Europe. Louis therefore accepted on behalf of his grandson, whose was proclaimed Philip V of Spain on 16 November 1700. Although Spain remained a great power, almost constant warfare during the 17th century made the economy subject to long periods of low productivity and depression.
"The Origins of the War of the Spanish Succession." The Allies then captured the important fortress of Bouchain. SEE ALSO Colonial Wars; League of Augsburg, War of the; Queen Anne's War. An attempt to retake it was defeated at in August, with a land siege being abandoned in April 1705. (October 16, 2020). In his will he gave the crown to the French prince Philip of Anjou. 62–74 for a translation of the final will of Carlos II. Cite this article Pick a style below, and copy the text for your bibliography.
Bilateral negotiations in the summer and autumn 1698 proposed the exclusion of both Habsburg and Bourbon dynasties from the full succession, nominating instead Joseph Ferdinand, young son of the Bavarian Elector, as heir to most of Charles II's inheritance. In cases of second marriages, the first spouse is to the left and the second to the right. Marlborough now planned to march on Paris but his allies were unwilling to take the risk. Although Charles VI initially rejected the idea of a peace conference, he reluctantly agreed once the Dutch decided to support it, but Habsburg opposition to the treaty continued. [25], That expanded the war to North America, India, and other parts of Asia, with tariffs used as a policy weapon. First, the French presented proposals awarding the Spanish Netherlands to Max Emmanuel of Bavaria and a minimal Barrier, leaving the Dutch with little to show for their huge investment of money and men. Philip's accession as King of Spain in 1701 placed Savoy between the Spanish-ruled Duchy of Milan and France, while the Savoyard County of Nice and County of Savoy were in Transalpine France, and thus very difficult to defend. War, Diplomacy and the Rise of Savoy, 1690–1720, Cambridge, U.K., 1999. See also Bourbon Dynasty (France) ; Bourbon Dynasty (Spain) ; Charles II (Spain) ; Habsburg Dynasty ; League of Augsburg, War of the (1688–1697) ; Leopold I (Holy Roman Empire) ; Louis XIV (France) ; Philip IV (Spain) ; Philip V (Spain) ; Spain ; Utrecht, Peace of (1713) ; William and Mary . In 1665 Charles II became the King of Spain; suffering from ill-health all his life, his death was anticipated almost from birth, and his successor a matter of diplomatic debate for decades. They hoped this barrier would provide the strategic depth needed to protect their commercial and demographic heartlands around Amsterdam against attack from the south. On 7 September, the Holy Roman Empire joined the agreement by the Treaty of Baden; although Catalonia and Majorca were not finally subdued by the Bourbons until June 1715, the war was over. Marshal Villars moved to relieve the fortress and on 11 September the two armies met at Malplaquet near the French border. London, 1973. The Wars of Louis XIV. Despite the capture of Bouchain in September, a decisive victory in Northern France continued to elude the Allies, and an expedition against Quebec in French North America ended in disaster. The French held the advantage in the early stages, but were forced onto the defensive after 1706; however, by 1710 the Allies had failed to make any significant progress, while Bourbon victories in Spain had secured Philip's position as king. By the Treaty of Utrecht, signed in 1713, Britain gained Gibraltar, territory in North America and the Mediterranean. . Westport, Conn., 1995. Instead, Charles named Philip of Anjou, a grandson of Louis XIV, as his heir; if he refused, the alternative was Charles, younger son of Leopold I, Holy Roman Emperor. After Carlos II, the last Habsburg king of Spain, died without issue in 1700, Louis XIV of France accepted the Spanish throne on behalf of his Bourbon nephew. Apart from denying an undivided Spanish Monarchy to others, Louis's objectives were to secure his borders with the Holy Roman Empire, weaken Austria and increase French commercial strength through access to the trade of the Americas.
Kamen, Henry. These were some of the heaviest casualties seen in 18th century warfare and Marlborough’s popularity declined as a result. 16 Oct. 2020 . [9], Maria Antonia (1669–1692), daughter of Leopold and Margaret, married Maximillian Emanuel of Bavaria in 1685, and on 28 October 1692, they had a son, Joseph Ferdinand. [36], The war in Italy primarily involved the Spanish-ruled Duchies of Milan and Mantua, considered essential to the security of Austria's southern borders. The Habsburgs viewed Northern Italy and suppressing the Hungarian revolt as higher priorities, while after 1704 the Dutch focused on Flanders. [62], Despite resentment at their exclusion from the Anglo-French negotiations, the Dutch were financially exhausted by the enormous cost of the war, and could not continue without British support. The decentralisation of the Holy Roman Empire continued, with Prussia, Bavaria and Saxony increasingly acting as independent states. JOHN CANNON "Spanish Succession, War of the Encyclopedia.com. During his reign Spain was engaged in foreign wars and torn by internal revolt. [35], Victor Amadeus II allied with France in 1701 but his long-term goal was the acquisition of Milan; neither France, Austria, or Spain would relinquish this voluntarily, leaving Britain as the only power that could. [29], Although Marlborough was Allied commander in the Low Countries, the Dutch provided much of the manpower, and strategy in this theatre was subject to their approval. [63], Within weeks of the conference opening, events threatened the basis of the peace agreed between Britain and France. World Encyclopedia. By the time they besieged Toulon in August, the French were too strong, and they were forced to withdraw. Lynn, John A. ." [8], Unlike France or Austria, the Spanish crown could be inherited through the female line.
(October 16, 2020). The surrender of Lord Galway and Marques das Minas to the Duke of Berwick, 1707. In September 1702, the Elector of Bavaria allied himself with France and Spain. Charles's closest heirs were either members of the Austrian Habsburgs or French Bourbons; acquisition of an undivided Spanish Empire by either of them threatened the European balance of power. War of the Spanish Succession. "Louis XIV and the Origins of the War of the Spanish Succession." Under Louis XIV, France was the most powerful state in Europe with revenue-generating capacities that far exceeded its rivals. Against expectations—though rumors had been flying around the Spanish court for the previous month—Charles II's final will did not name Archduke Charles as his universal heir of choice. [58], Marlborough's 1709 offensive in Northern France led to the Battle of Malplaquet on 11 September, between an Allied army of 86,000 and a French one of 75,000. In return for renouncing their claims to the Spanish throne, France and Austria would receive parts of Spain's European territories. Because each style has its own formatting nuances that evolve over time and not all information is available for every reference entry or article, Encyclopedia.com cannot guarantee each citation it generates. In 1703 the opportunity to launch a Franco-Bavarian campaign against the Austrian lands was lost. During 1704, the French captured Villefranche and the County of Savoy, accompanied by an offensive in Piedmont; by the end of 1705, Victor Amadeus controlled only his capital of Turin. Since George, Elector Hanover was also heir to the British throne, his support was more reliable, but the suspicion remained the interests of Hanover came first.[33]. The fall of the Whig government in Britain signaled the end of Marlborough's political and military ascendancy.
The War of the Spanish Succession broke out when the Spanish king Charles II died without an heir. The fighting in North America that pitted British colonists against the French in New France and the Spanish in Florida was called Queen Anne's War (1702–1713), and is covered under Colonial Wars. After the Royal Navy established control over the Western Mediterranean in 1703, Savoy changed sides. Encyclopedia of the American Revolution: Library of Military History. Yet a succession of preemptive moves and provocations turned an ambiguous situation into one in which France was again faced by a hostile alliance of major powers. Jones, J. R. Marlborough. PARROTT, DAVID "Spanish Succession, War of the (1701–1714) The situation stabilized to some extent when French forces imposed huge casualties on the allies as the price of their victory at Malplaquet (1709); military affairs had been improving in Spain since 1707, above all because the population remained fiercely loyal to Philip V. But apparent revival was offset by domestic crisis in France, where a miserable harvest followed by the bitter winter of 1708–1709 led to catastrophic mortality, mass starvation, and tax failure. War of the Spanish Succession. [5] The 1690s also marked the lowest point of the Little Ice Age, a period of colder and wetter weather that drastically reduced crop yields across Europe. Aragon was divided into the Kingdoms of Aragon, Catalonia, Valencia, Majorca, Naples, Sicily, Malta, and Sardinia. Marlborough used his British infantry to attack the French right wing, drawing enemy reinforcements away from the centre.
Second, a series of deaths left Louis XIV's two-year-old great-grandson, the future Louis XV as heir, making Philip next in line and his immediate renunciation imperative. Paris, 1990. Combined with victories over the Ottomans, this meant the Austrian Habsburgs increasingly switched their focus to southern Europe. Louis therefore accepted on behalf of his grandson, whose was proclaimed Philip V of Spain on 16 November 1700. Although Spain remained a great power, almost constant warfare during the 17th century made the economy subject to long periods of low productivity and depression.
"The Origins of the War of the Spanish Succession." The Allies then captured the important fortress of Bouchain. SEE ALSO Colonial Wars; League of Augsburg, War of the; Queen Anne's War. An attempt to retake it was defeated at in August, with a land siege being abandoned in April 1705. (October 16, 2020). In his will he gave the crown to the French prince Philip of Anjou. 62–74 for a translation of the final will of Carlos II. Cite this article Pick a style below, and copy the text for your bibliography.
Bilateral negotiations in the summer and autumn 1698 proposed the exclusion of both Habsburg and Bourbon dynasties from the full succession, nominating instead Joseph Ferdinand, young son of the Bavarian Elector, as heir to most of Charles II's inheritance. In cases of second marriages, the first spouse is to the left and the second to the right. Marlborough now planned to march on Paris but his allies were unwilling to take the risk. Although Charles VI initially rejected the idea of a peace conference, he reluctantly agreed once the Dutch decided to support it, but Habsburg opposition to the treaty continued. [25], That expanded the war to North America, India, and other parts of Asia, with tariffs used as a policy weapon. First, the French presented proposals awarding the Spanish Netherlands to Max Emmanuel of Bavaria and a minimal Barrier, leaving the Dutch with little to show for their huge investment of money and men. Philip's accession as King of Spain in 1701 placed Savoy between the Spanish-ruled Duchy of Milan and France, while the Savoyard County of Nice and County of Savoy were in Transalpine France, and thus very difficult to defend. War, Diplomacy and the Rise of Savoy, 1690–1720, Cambridge, U.K., 1999. See also Bourbon Dynasty (France) ; Bourbon Dynasty (Spain) ; Charles II (Spain) ; Habsburg Dynasty ; League of Augsburg, War of the (1688–1697) ; Leopold I (Holy Roman Empire) ; Louis XIV (France) ; Philip IV (Spain) ; Philip V (Spain) ; Spain ; Utrecht, Peace of (1713) ; William and Mary . In 1665 Charles II became the King of Spain; suffering from ill-health all his life, his death was anticipated almost from birth, and his successor a matter of diplomatic debate for decades. They hoped this barrier would provide the strategic depth needed to protect their commercial and demographic heartlands around Amsterdam against attack from the south. On 7 September, the Holy Roman Empire joined the agreement by the Treaty of Baden; although Catalonia and Majorca were not finally subdued by the Bourbons until June 1715, the war was over. Marshal Villars moved to relieve the fortress and on 11 September the two armies met at Malplaquet near the French border. London, 1973. The Wars of Louis XIV. Despite the capture of Bouchain in September, a decisive victory in Northern France continued to elude the Allies, and an expedition against Quebec in French North America ended in disaster. The French held the advantage in the early stages, but were forced onto the defensive after 1706; however, by 1710 the Allies had failed to make any significant progress, while Bourbon victories in Spain had secured Philip's position as king. By the Treaty of Utrecht, signed in 1713, Britain gained Gibraltar, territory in North America and the Mediterranean. . Westport, Conn., 1995. Instead, Charles named Philip of Anjou, a grandson of Louis XIV, as his heir; if he refused, the alternative was Charles, younger son of Leopold I, Holy Roman Emperor. After Carlos II, the last Habsburg king of Spain, died without issue in 1700, Louis XIV of France accepted the Spanish throne on behalf of his Bourbon nephew. Apart from denying an undivided Spanish Monarchy to others, Louis's objectives were to secure his borders with the Holy Roman Empire, weaken Austria and increase French commercial strength through access to the trade of the Americas.
Kamen, Henry. These were some of the heaviest casualties seen in 18th century warfare and Marlborough’s popularity declined as a result. 16 Oct. 2020 . [9], Maria Antonia (1669–1692), daughter of Leopold and Margaret, married Maximillian Emanuel of Bavaria in 1685, and on 28 October 1692, they had a son, Joseph Ferdinand. [36], The war in Italy primarily involved the Spanish-ruled Duchies of Milan and Mantua, considered essential to the security of Austria's southern borders. The Habsburgs viewed Northern Italy and suppressing the Hungarian revolt as higher priorities, while after 1704 the Dutch focused on Flanders. [62], Despite resentment at their exclusion from the Anglo-French negotiations, the Dutch were financially exhausted by the enormous cost of the war, and could not continue without British support. The decentralisation of the Holy Roman Empire continued, with Prussia, Bavaria and Saxony increasingly acting as independent states. JOHN CANNON "Spanish Succession, War of the Encyclopedia.com. During his reign Spain was engaged in foreign wars and torn by internal revolt. [35], Victor Amadeus II allied with France in 1701 but his long-term goal was the acquisition of Milan; neither France, Austria, or Spain would relinquish this voluntarily, leaving Britain as the only power that could. [29], Although Marlborough was Allied commander in the Low Countries, the Dutch provided much of the manpower, and strategy in this theatre was subject to their approval. [63], Within weeks of the conference opening, events threatened the basis of the peace agreed between Britain and France. World Encyclopedia. By the time they besieged Toulon in August, the French were too strong, and they were forced to withdraw. Lynn, John A. ." [8], Unlike France or Austria, the Spanish crown could be inherited through the female line.
(October 16, 2020). The surrender of Lord Galway and Marques das Minas to the Duke of Berwick, 1707. In September 1702, the Elector of Bavaria allied himself with France and Spain. Charles's closest heirs were either members of the Austrian Habsburgs or French Bourbons; acquisition of an undivided Spanish Empire by either of them threatened the European balance of power. War of the Spanish Succession. "Louis XIV and the Origins of the War of the Spanish Succession." Under Louis XIV, France was the most powerful state in Europe with revenue-generating capacities that far exceeded its rivals. Against expectations—though rumors had been flying around the Spanish court for the previous month—Charles II's final will did not name Archduke Charles as his universal heir of choice. [58], Marlborough's 1709 offensive in Northern France led to the Battle of Malplaquet on 11 September, between an Allied army of 86,000 and a French one of 75,000. In return for renouncing their claims to the Spanish throne, France and Austria would receive parts of Spain's European territories. Because each style has its own formatting nuances that evolve over time and not all information is available for every reference entry or article, Encyclopedia.com cannot guarantee each citation it generates. In 1703 the opportunity to launch a Franco-Bavarian campaign against the Austrian lands was lost. During 1704, the French captured Villefranche and the County of Savoy, accompanied by an offensive in Piedmont; by the end of 1705, Victor Amadeus controlled only his capital of Turin. Since George, Elector Hanover was also heir to the British throne, his support was more reliable, but the suspicion remained the interests of Hanover came first.[33]. The fall of the Whig government in Britain signaled the end of Marlborough's political and military ascendancy.
The War of the Spanish Succession broke out when the Spanish king Charles II died without an heir. The fighting in North America that pitted British colonists against the French in New France and the Spanish in Florida was called Queen Anne's War (1702–1713), and is covered under Colonial Wars. After the Royal Navy established control over the Western Mediterranean in 1703, Savoy changed sides. Encyclopedia of the American Revolution: Library of Military History. Yet a succession of preemptive moves and provocations turned an ambiguous situation into one in which France was again faced by a hostile alliance of major powers. Jones, J. R. Marlborough. PARROTT, DAVID "Spanish Succession, War of the (1701–1714) The situation stabilized to some extent when French forces imposed huge casualties on the allies as the price of their victory at Malplaquet (1709); military affairs had been improving in Spain since 1707, above all because the population remained fiercely loyal to Philip V. But apparent revival was offset by domestic crisis in France, where a miserable harvest followed by the bitter winter of 1708–1709 led to catastrophic mortality, mass starvation, and tax failure. War of the Spanish Succession. [5] The 1690s also marked the lowest point of the Little Ice Age, a period of colder and wetter weather that drastically reduced crop yields across Europe. Aragon was divided into the Kingdoms of Aragon, Catalonia, Valencia, Majorca, Naples, Sicily, Malta, and Sardinia. Marlborough used his British infantry to attack the French right wing, drawing enemy reinforcements away from the centre.
Músiques per a la recreació històrica de la Guerra de Successió (1794-1715).
France accepted the Protestant succession, ensuring a smooth inheritance by George I in August 1714, while agreeing to end support for the Stuarts in the 1716 Anglo-French Treaty. In 1701, French troops occupied both cities and Victor Amadeus II, Duke of Savoy, allied with France, his daughter Maria Luisa marrying Philip V.[37] In May 1701, an Imperial army under Prince Eugene of Savoy moved into Northern Italy; by February 1702, victories at Carpi, Chiari and Cremona forced the French behind the Adda river. National Army Museum, Royal Hospital Road, London, SW3 4HTRegistered Charity Number: 237902. It was triggered by the November 1700 death of the childless Charles II of Spain, the last Habsburg monarch of Spain.His closest heirs were members of the Austrian Habsburg and the French Bourbon families. The Oxford Companion to British History. Encyclopedia.com.
sfn error: no target: CITEREFSymcox1983 (, sfn error: no target: CITEREFlNicholson1955 (, sfn error: no target: CITEREFBromley1979 (, sfn error: no target: CITEREFDadson2014 (, sfn error: no target: CITEREFPincusWarwick (, sfn error: no target: CITEREFFernández-Xesta_y_Vázquez2012 (, "Golden Age of Piracy - Post Spanish Succession Period", "The peace of Utrecht and the balance of power", "Fortress Belgium – The 1715 Barrier Treaty", "Mercantilism as the Economic Side of Absolutism", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=War_of_the_Spanish_Succession&oldid=981332606, Wars of succession involving the states and peoples of Europe, Wars of succession involving the states and peoples of Asia, Wars of succession involving the states and peoples of Africa, Wars of succession involving the states and peoples of North America, Short description is different from Wikidata, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, Philip V is recognised as King of Spain but accepts permanent separation of France and Spain.
Second, a series of deaths left Louis XIV's two-year-old great-grandson, the future Louis XV as heir, making Philip next in line and his immediate renunciation imperative. Paris, 1990. Combined with victories over the Ottomans, this meant the Austrian Habsburgs increasingly switched their focus to southern Europe. Louis therefore accepted on behalf of his grandson, whose was proclaimed Philip V of Spain on 16 November 1700. Although Spain remained a great power, almost constant warfare during the 17th century made the economy subject to long periods of low productivity and depression.
"The Origins of the War of the Spanish Succession." The Allies then captured the important fortress of Bouchain. SEE ALSO Colonial Wars; League of Augsburg, War of the; Queen Anne's War. An attempt to retake it was defeated at in August, with a land siege being abandoned in April 1705. (October 16, 2020). In his will he gave the crown to the French prince Philip of Anjou. 62–74 for a translation of the final will of Carlos II. Cite this article Pick a style below, and copy the text for your bibliography.
Bilateral negotiations in the summer and autumn 1698 proposed the exclusion of both Habsburg and Bourbon dynasties from the full succession, nominating instead Joseph Ferdinand, young son of the Bavarian Elector, as heir to most of Charles II's inheritance. In cases of second marriages, the first spouse is to the left and the second to the right. Marlborough now planned to march on Paris but his allies were unwilling to take the risk. Although Charles VI initially rejected the idea of a peace conference, he reluctantly agreed once the Dutch decided to support it, but Habsburg opposition to the treaty continued. [25], That expanded the war to North America, India, and other parts of Asia, with tariffs used as a policy weapon. First, the French presented proposals awarding the Spanish Netherlands to Max Emmanuel of Bavaria and a minimal Barrier, leaving the Dutch with little to show for their huge investment of money and men. Philip's accession as King of Spain in 1701 placed Savoy between the Spanish-ruled Duchy of Milan and France, while the Savoyard County of Nice and County of Savoy were in Transalpine France, and thus very difficult to defend. War, Diplomacy and the Rise of Savoy, 1690–1720, Cambridge, U.K., 1999. See also Bourbon Dynasty (France) ; Bourbon Dynasty (Spain) ; Charles II (Spain) ; Habsburg Dynasty ; League of Augsburg, War of the (1688–1697) ; Leopold I (Holy Roman Empire) ; Louis XIV (France) ; Philip IV (Spain) ; Philip V (Spain) ; Spain ; Utrecht, Peace of (1713) ; William and Mary . In 1665 Charles II became the King of Spain; suffering from ill-health all his life, his death was anticipated almost from birth, and his successor a matter of diplomatic debate for decades. They hoped this barrier would provide the strategic depth needed to protect their commercial and demographic heartlands around Amsterdam against attack from the south. On 7 September, the Holy Roman Empire joined the agreement by the Treaty of Baden; although Catalonia and Majorca were not finally subdued by the Bourbons until June 1715, the war was over. Marshal Villars moved to relieve the fortress and on 11 September the two armies met at Malplaquet near the French border. London, 1973. The Wars of Louis XIV. Despite the capture of Bouchain in September, a decisive victory in Northern France continued to elude the Allies, and an expedition against Quebec in French North America ended in disaster. The French held the advantage in the early stages, but were forced onto the defensive after 1706; however, by 1710 the Allies had failed to make any significant progress, while Bourbon victories in Spain had secured Philip's position as king. By the Treaty of Utrecht, signed in 1713, Britain gained Gibraltar, territory in North America and the Mediterranean. . Westport, Conn., 1995. Instead, Charles named Philip of Anjou, a grandson of Louis XIV, as his heir; if he refused, the alternative was Charles, younger son of Leopold I, Holy Roman Emperor. After Carlos II, the last Habsburg king of Spain, died without issue in 1700, Louis XIV of France accepted the Spanish throne on behalf of his Bourbon nephew. Apart from denying an undivided Spanish Monarchy to others, Louis's objectives were to secure his borders with the Holy Roman Empire, weaken Austria and increase French commercial strength through access to the trade of the Americas.
Kamen, Henry. These were some of the heaviest casualties seen in 18th century warfare and Marlborough’s popularity declined as a result. 16 Oct. 2020 . [9], Maria Antonia (1669–1692), daughter of Leopold and Margaret, married Maximillian Emanuel of Bavaria in 1685, and on 28 October 1692, they had a son, Joseph Ferdinand. [36], The war in Italy primarily involved the Spanish-ruled Duchies of Milan and Mantua, considered essential to the security of Austria's southern borders. The Habsburgs viewed Northern Italy and suppressing the Hungarian revolt as higher priorities, while after 1704 the Dutch focused on Flanders. [62], Despite resentment at their exclusion from the Anglo-French negotiations, the Dutch were financially exhausted by the enormous cost of the war, and could not continue without British support. The decentralisation of the Holy Roman Empire continued, with Prussia, Bavaria and Saxony increasingly acting as independent states. JOHN CANNON "Spanish Succession, War of the Encyclopedia.com. During his reign Spain was engaged in foreign wars and torn by internal revolt. [35], Victor Amadeus II allied with France in 1701 but his long-term goal was the acquisition of Milan; neither France, Austria, or Spain would relinquish this voluntarily, leaving Britain as the only power that could. [29], Although Marlborough was Allied commander in the Low Countries, the Dutch provided much of the manpower, and strategy in this theatre was subject to their approval. [63], Within weeks of the conference opening, events threatened the basis of the peace agreed between Britain and France. World Encyclopedia. By the time they besieged Toulon in August, the French were too strong, and they were forced to withdraw. Lynn, John A. ." [8], Unlike France or Austria, the Spanish crown could be inherited through the female line.
(October 16, 2020). The surrender of Lord Galway and Marques das Minas to the Duke of Berwick, 1707. In September 1702, the Elector of Bavaria allied himself with France and Spain. Charles's closest heirs were either members of the Austrian Habsburgs or French Bourbons; acquisition of an undivided Spanish Empire by either of them threatened the European balance of power. War of the Spanish Succession. "Louis XIV and the Origins of the War of the Spanish Succession." Under Louis XIV, France was the most powerful state in Europe with revenue-generating capacities that far exceeded its rivals. Against expectations—though rumors had been flying around the Spanish court for the previous month—Charles II's final will did not name Archduke Charles as his universal heir of choice. [58], Marlborough's 1709 offensive in Northern France led to the Battle of Malplaquet on 11 September, between an Allied army of 86,000 and a French one of 75,000. In return for renouncing their claims to the Spanish throne, France and Austria would receive parts of Spain's European territories. Because each style has its own formatting nuances that evolve over time and not all information is available for every reference entry or article, Encyclopedia.com cannot guarantee each citation it generates. In 1703 the opportunity to launch a Franco-Bavarian campaign against the Austrian lands was lost. During 1704, the French captured Villefranche and the County of Savoy, accompanied by an offensive in Piedmont; by the end of 1705, Victor Amadeus controlled only his capital of Turin. Since George, Elector Hanover was also heir to the British throne, his support was more reliable, but the suspicion remained the interests of Hanover came first.[33]. The fall of the Whig government in Britain signaled the end of Marlborough's political and military ascendancy.
The War of the Spanish Succession broke out when the Spanish king Charles II died without an heir. The fighting in North America that pitted British colonists against the French in New France and the Spanish in Florida was called Queen Anne's War (1702–1713), and is covered under Colonial Wars. After the Royal Navy established control over the Western Mediterranean in 1703, Savoy changed sides. Encyclopedia of the American Revolution: Library of Military History. Yet a succession of preemptive moves and provocations turned an ambiguous situation into one in which France was again faced by a hostile alliance of major powers. Jones, J. R. Marlborough. PARROTT, DAVID "Spanish Succession, War of the (1701–1714) The situation stabilized to some extent when French forces imposed huge casualties on the allies as the price of their victory at Malplaquet (1709); military affairs had been improving in Spain since 1707, above all because the population remained fiercely loyal to Philip V. But apparent revival was offset by domestic crisis in France, where a miserable harvest followed by the bitter winter of 1708–1709 led to catastrophic mortality, mass starvation, and tax failure. War of the Spanish Succession. [5] The 1690s also marked the lowest point of the Little Ice Age, a period of colder and wetter weather that drastically reduced crop yields across Europe. Aragon was divided into the Kingdoms of Aragon, Catalonia, Valencia, Majorca, Naples, Sicily, Malta, and Sardinia. Marlborough used his British infantry to attack the French right wing, drawing enemy reinforcements away from the centre.
