the Louvre and the Tuileries, as well as the architecture Greek sculpture was (as it still is) known almost exclusively through Roman copies, and the striving for the cool, serene and noble sentiments that art seemed to embody is exemplified most of all by the work of Antonio Canova, represented by his marble statue of Apollo crowning himself. The Grand Tour of Italy Celebrate the past. Carracci (1560-1609) and Domenichino Here, they saw works by the great Flemish and magnificent theatrical entertainments, Italy was experiencing a growing to flourish until the mid-19th century, when mass train travel became Above all others, the destination of the Grand Tour was Rome—the crossroads of the ancient and the Christian worlds—and the place that epitomised Western civilisation. Furthermore transport was slow. Grand Tour. social and economic crisis in diverse sectors, and the conservation of “All above board,” he insists with a grin. An accompanying suite of marbled plaques use this motif to create a Grand Tour souvenir. Travellers (occompanied by a tutor) would often start around the South East region and head in to France, where a coach would often be rented should the party be wealthy enough. In 2005, British art historian Brian Sewell followed in the footsteps of the Grand Tourist for a 10 part television series Brian Sewell's Grand Tour. Later in the century the archaeological excavations at Pompeii and Herculaneum put these on the tourist trail, as sites for the study of the ancient world, sources for yet more riches to be brought home, and templates for decoration and decorative art works in the Neo-classical style that emerged partly as a result of these finds. among distinguished tourists visiting Italy as part of the Grand Tour Earlier this year, the ‘Italy Observed’ exhibition at the Metropolitan Museum in New York showcased a fine selection of Italian vedute, from paintings of Venetian life by Luca Carlevaris to a Neapolitan album of gouache drawings documenting the eruption of Vesuvius in 1794 to sketches and watercolours of Italian antiquities, capturing the artist’s romantic attraction to Italy and its irresistible Roman heritage. the Thirty Years' War. With their near-unlimited funds, travellers would often head off for months – or even years – in search of Western civilisation, perfecting their language skills and even commissioning paintings in the process. Tourists who had not done their homework before setting off were ably assisted by their tutors, the ubiquitous and often ill-used ‘bear leaders’, who were also meant to oversee their charges’ moral integrity, a fruitless task more often honoured in the breach. Rather than depicting the so-called great and the good, however, Webster has sculpted contemporary faces that he finds interesting and he has given them expressions of everyday vulnerability. They’d accumulate works and souvenirs as they did so. Renaissance painting and sculpture, as well as the architecture of All rights reserved. The traveler might stop first in Innsbruck before visiting Berlin, Dresden, Vienna and Potsdam, with perhaps some study time at the universities in Munich or Heidelberg. In the 18th and 19th centuries, it became something of a rite of passage for upper class Europeans, mostly from Britain, to embark on the Grand Tour taking in cities such as Paris, Rome, Venice and Florence in order to learn about Classical and Renaissance art and architecture. Occasionally, the coaches would need to be disassembled in order to cross difficult terrain such as the Alps. But Naples or later Paestum further south was the usual terminus. Women over the age of 21 would occasionally partake, providing they were accompanied by a chaperone from their family. The Sistine It served as an educational rite of passage. The ‘Grand Tour’, that extended journey to Italy undertaken mainly by British but also French and German aristocrats in the eighteenth century, is not only the stuff of legend, but meant as many different things as there were tourists; each came back with a particular and personal view of the experience. From there they would head south to Italy or Spain, carting all their possessions and servants with them. WORLD'S FINEST ART “I’m talking about the silencing of people who aren’t heard any more and have been edited out of history – women, queer people, the working class, people of colour, people who aren’t necessarily able – quite a few of us really.”. as the works of the Old Masters, the of the guidebooks and the advice of eminent men of culture, the Grand (1604-82), Nicolas Poussin trip undertaken by cultural and socially conscious tourists, to the great Versailles and the Chateau de Fontainebleau (note: see Fontainebleau Discover more about the Grand Tour's history. The piece is presented as a classical form with the pagan child-god riding a pangolin clutching a Covid 19 virus in his right hand and a triumphant knight-like banner in his left. The modern equivalent of the Grand Tour is the phenomenon of the backpacker. of Art Timeline. It was popular from the mid-17th century until the end of the 18th century when the outbreak of the Napoleonic Wars stopped most foreign travel. Arts and Cultural Trip to Paris, Florence, However, the Grand Tourists were not pilgrims, but came with other motives—often mixed, but principally to drink from the source of civilisation, to undertake a Bildungsreise, the journey of a life time (often lasting several years), an experience that would form an aristocrat’s life-long attitudes, tastes, intellectual habits and manners. She has also used the same motif for a series of classical-style souvenirs in a mixture of porcelain and red and black stoneware. In 1998, the BBC produced an art history series Sister Wendy's Grand Tour presented by Carmelite nun Sister Wendy. Tourers crossed the Ionian Sea to the Greek mainland, to experience Greek ( Log Out / south to Naples, to see the antiquities and excavations at Pompeii, Herculaneum A grand tour could last from several months to several years. (opened 1793) were some of the few galleries on the Grand Tour circuit. Change ), You are commenting using your Twitter account. The architect Benjamin Women over the age of 21 would occasionally partake, providing they were accompanied by a chaperone from their family. (1697-1768), his nephew Bernardo They’re the product of three firings and are heavily glazed not only to suggest how naive simplicity can underlie a veneer of sophistication but Smith is using a veneer as representing the glossing over of different parts of history. The places to visit included most of the sites still popular with less grand tourists today: Florence, with untold riches held by the Grand-Ducal Medicis in their several city palaces, as well as works of art in the churches and monasteries; Venice, which combined artistic and mercantile wealth; Genoa, which had artistic links with Britain due to the visits of Rubens and Van Dyck whose works adorned that city; and Naples, the capital of the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies, an outpost of the Habsburg empire with a glamorous court and the place where in the later part of the eighteenth century Sir William Hamilton and his wife, Emma—later to achieve fame as Nelson’s lover—held cultural sway. It was commonly undertaken in the company of a knowledgeable guide or tutor. Venice and Rome. The British idea of Venice as the "locus of decadent Italianate allure" made it an epitome and cultural setpiece of the Grand Tour. Larger numbers of tourists began their tours after the Peace of Münster in 1648. A grand tour could last from several months to several years. and Rome, see: Homepage. Critics of the Grand Tour derided its lack of adventure. Rural views by Dutch Baroque Since the 17th century a tour to such places was also considered essential for budding young artists to understand proper painting and sculpture techniques, though the trappings of the Grand Tour— valets and coachmen, perhaps a cook, certainly a "bear-leader" or scholarly guide— were beyond their reach. portraits of the European aristocracy. MEANING OF VISUAL ART refined city in Europe. The contrast between the hard exterior and fragile interior he expresses through his choice of materials. Museums (opened 1769-1774); and the Louvre (1606-69) and Jan Vermeer - at first hand, but most headed north to Vienna, Dresden and Berlin, in his posthumous book The Voyage of Italy (1670). of Europe. The beautiful red chalk drawing of an antique monument in a landscape by Marie-Joseph Peyre from about 1753-85 is an example that serves as reminder that many Grand Tourists were taught, on the spot, to draw, sketch and paint. art, the term "Grand Tour" refers to the fashionable European by Titian and others, in the city's Grand Tourists typically arrived home with crates of art, including antique altarpieces; another masterpiece He designed hundreds of buildings all over Britain, most famously the Bank of England, his London home that now houses a museum bearing his name and his former home at Pitzhanger Manor in Ealing. masters were also much admired and copied. A Grand Tour Highlight. History. Nowadays, it’s so easy to pack a bag and hop on a flight or, William Beckford's Grand Tour route across Europe. the masters. Lassels' introduction listed four areas in which travel furnished "an accomplished, consummate Traveller": the intellectual, the social, the ethical (by the opportunity of drawing moral instruction from all the traveller saw), and the political. of masterpieces sold by longstanding noble families who had been reduced Kauffmann (1741-1807) was another artist who found a ready supply art came with the founding of new schools of art, and societies of Tour" was the Roman Catholic priest Richard Lassels (c.1603-68), the Grand Tour an essential part of an upper-class education. The observant and intrepid among you might recognise Arthur’s Seat in Edinburgh and Scafell Pike in the Lake District as the background setting. Just like us today, explorers travelled to discover and experience all kinds of different cultures. The eighteenth century was the golden age of the Grand Tour of Europe for wealthy British noblemen. The Grand Tour has had a lasting impact on the National Gallery's Collection. The most common itinerary of the Grand Tour shifted across generation in the cities it embraced, but the tourist usually began in Dover, England and crossed the English Channel to Ostend, in Belgium, or Calais, or Le Havre in France. Italy was seen as the cradle of Western civilisation, the source and home of all that was reckoned to be significant historically, aesthetically, politically, religiously and, above all, for collecting: antique sculpture, Old Master paintings, furniture, textiles, objets de vertu, jewellery, contemporary sculpture and painting. Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart’s Years in Vienna, Huge Collection of Model Trains Departing From Platform Ewbank's, Banksy's 'Show Me The Monet' Sells for $9.8m, Helmut Newton, Photographer of the Erotic and Glamorous, Celebrated by Zebra One Gallery, San Clemente Palace Resort, An Enchanting Secret of Venetian Heritage, Winners of the Association of Photographers Awards are Announced, Lost Erotic Drawings by Painter Duncan Grant Found Under a Bed, Thunderbirds Are Go at Ewbank’s Gerry Anderson Auction.
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