Next, Germany began rearming its military and finally, in 1935 a plebiscite was held in the Saar region where 90% voted for union with Germany. Besides the United States, United Kingdom, and France, Japan and Italy were also present during the conference in Paris. Another new country, Czechoslovakia was created to be the homeland of the Czechs and Slovaks. At the Paris Peace Conference where the treaty was formalized and finalized on May 7, 1919, German Foreign Minister, Count Brockdorff-Rantzau, was presented with the document and told to sign. The following are 10 facts about the Treaty of Versailles: 1. The German military told the government to accept, which it did on June 28, 1919 in the famous palace of Versailles. John Maynard Keynes, the principal representative of the British Treasury, referred to the Treaty of Versailles as a "Carthaginian peace". However, Woodrow Wilson wanted peace. In fact, Germany had the choice between signing it or facing the occupation of Germany by Allied troops. The treaty was signed in Versailles, France on June 28, 1919, finally ending the war between the Germans and the Allied Powers. France ruled Syria and Lebanon. Germans were furious about the treaty, seeing it as a diktat, or dictated peace; t… A trio of men who came to be called the “Big Three" were the most important figures in the creation of the treaty: David Lloyd George of Great Britain, Clemenceau of France and Woodrow Wilson of the United States. 6. Versailles also split up many large empires on the losing side. The palace was then used for state banquets and other occasions during the nineteenth century. It required that Germany take full responsibility for starting the war and pay reparations, primarily to France and Belgium. It should also be noted that the German allies signed distinct treaties. Greece did gain most of the islands in the Aegean Sea from Turkey and parts of Bulgaria. Only six capital naval ships were left allowed, and most of the area around the Rhine River was demilitarized. The Treaty of Versailles only ended the war with Germany; separate accords concluded hostilities with the other Central Powers. A civil war raged in Russia between the anti-Communist White Russians and pro-Soviet Red Russians. After Hitler and the National Socialist German Workers' Party came to power, they abolished the treaty one point at a time. German delegates in Versailles: Professor Walther Schücking, Reichspostminister Johannes Giesberts, Justice Minister Otto Landsberg, Foreign Minister Ulrich Graf von Brockdorff-Rantzau, Prussian State President Robert Leinert, and financial advisor Carl Melchior. The American Legion was chartered and incorporated by Congress in 1919 as a patriotic veterans organization devoted to mutual helpfulness. The heads of the "Big Four" nations at the Paris Peace Conference, 27 May 1919. Visit our interactive database of places to honor and remember those who have served. A big problem for Germany was to pay back a giant amount of money for the all of the damage done to the Allied countries, mostly France, during World War I. First, Hitler told the victors of World War I in no uncertain terms that Germany was done making reparations payments. While their were several other Allied Powers that were involved in WWI, the Big Four was responsible for most of the Treaty of Versailles. Modern countries where German territory was lost, Number of German rivers internationalized, Maximum number of army and navy personnel allowed, Maximum number of rifles or carbines allowed, Number of military aircraft, submarines or tanks allowed, Heads of livestock to be paid to Belgium and France, Average coal reparations to be paid annually to Italy. Germany had absolutely no say in the negotiations, which is perhaps why their new elected officials were so unhappy with the ultimatums … This page was last modified on 21 October 2020, at 21:17. In fact, Germany had the choice between signing it or facing the occupation of Germany by Allied troops. The Germans had sixteen billion marks in overseas assets seized and German rivers were forced to be open to international traffic. Like Poland, it was a country that was strong on its own centuries before. 132 billion gold marks had to be paid only as a first part of the German debt. Finally, the German army, the pride of the nation, was all but disarmed. The Treaty of Versailles The Fourteen Points of Woodrow Wilson led to the Treaty of Versailles, in 1919. Due to the breakup of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, Austria signed the Treaty of Saint-Germain on September 10, 1919, and Hungary signed the Treaty of Trianon on June 4, 1920. Losing these lands crippled Germany’s ability to rebuild its economy, and combined with required financial reparations, it would seem the Allies were seeking to bankrupt the country. Germany also had to give back French territories it had occupied, as well as large territories of its own to Poland, for instance, and all of its colonies. A League of Nations was established to help maintain world peace, and in fact, the first 26 clauses of the Treaty of Versailles deal with the founding of the League of Nations exclusively. The United States and the USSR did not even join the League, even though it was the idea of US President Woodrow Wilson in the first place. Despite President Woodrow Wilson’s role in the conference and his intense efforts to win the support of the American public, the Senate voted to reject the treaty in November 1919, due in part to reservations regarding potential involvement in European affairs as outlined in the League of Nations covenant. The most contentious issue, and most remembered today, was the question of reparations. The covenant of the League of Nations is the treaty’s first part. This was known as a diktat Frieden. Belgium, who argued their country suffered most during the war, was angry over their desired reparations payments.
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